What are two review methods allowed by the USDA and PHS?

The correct answer highlights two specific review methods—designated member review and full committee review—that are allowed by the USDA and the Public Health Service (PHS).

Designated member review refers to a procedure where one or more designated members of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) can conduct a review of a proposal. This streamlines the review process for certain types of studies, making it more efficient while still ensuring that the fundamental ethical and compliance standards are upheld.

Full committee review, on the other hand, involves a review by the entire IACUC. This method is required for studies that present more complex ethical considerations or that do not qualify for expedited or designated member review. It allows for thorough discussion and evaluation of the research proposal by all members, contributing to comprehensive oversight and adherence to ethical guidelines.

Both methods are responsive to the need for flexibility and efficiency in the review process while maintaining compliance with regulatory standards in animal research. The other options include review methods that may not be recognized or do not align with the USDA and PHS’s standards for IACUC reviews, leading them to be incorrect in this context.