What key aspect of semi-annual evaluations is emphasized by both USDA and PHS?

The emphasis on including facility inspections and program reviews in semi-annual evaluations by both the USDA and PHS highlights the importance of comprehensive oversight in animal care and use programs. These evaluations serve as a crucial mechanism for ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and promoting the welfare of animals used in research.

Facility inspections allow for a systematic assessment of the physical environment in which animals are housed, ensuring that it meets established standards for safety and comfort. Program reviews, on the other hand, enable a thorough evaluation of the overall effectiveness of the institution's animal care and use program. This includes reviewing policies, procedures, and adherence to the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement).

By combining both inspections and program reviews in the semi-annual evaluations, USDA and PHS aim to uphold the highest standards of ethical care and compliance within animal research facilities, fostering an environment that prioritizes the well-being of research animals and the integrity of scientific research.