Which agency requires the semi-annual evaluation of the IACUC?

The correct answer is that both the USDA and PHS require the semi-annual evaluation of the IACUC. This requirement is grounded in federal regulations designed to ensure the ethical and humane treatment of animals in research.

The USDA enforces the Animal Welfare Act, which mandates that all research facilities conducting animal research under its purview establish an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to oversee such practices. Part of the IACUC's responsibilities includes conducting semi-annual evaluations of the program and facilities to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and to identify areas for improvement.

Similarly, the Public Health Service (PHS), through guidelines from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), also requires institutions receiving PHS funds to maintain an IACUC. The PHS policy includes the expectation that the IACUC conducts semi-annual evaluations to promote ongoing compliance with PHS standards and to protect the welfare of research animals.

Together, both agencies emphasize the importance of regular oversight and assessment through the semi-annual evaluations, which are crucial for ensuring that the highest ethical standards are maintained in animal research.