Which entity is responsible for enforcing the Health Research Extension Act?

The correct entity responsible for enforcing the Health Research Extension Act is the Public Health Service (PHS) through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). This legislation primarily focuses on ensuring the humane care and use of animals in research, which is critical for the ethical treatment of animals in scientific studies.

The PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, overseen by OLAW, outlines requirements for institutions that conduct research involving animals. OLAW ensures compliance with these regulations by conducting site visits, reviewing assurance documents, and offering educational resources.

Other options reference entities that, while involved in research or animal welfare, do not have the specific responsibility for enforcing the Health Research Extension Act as OLAW does. For instance, NIH-OSHA focuses more on occupational health and safety rather than animal welfare enforcement, and NRC-NSF relates to the National Research Council and National Science Foundation, which may provide guidance but are not the enforcing body for this specific law.