Which of these IACUC protocol review outcomes is recognized in the USDA Animal Welfare Act Regulations and PHS Policy?

The recognition of specific protocol review outcomes in the USDA Animal Welfare Act Regulations and PHS Policy provides a structured framework for Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) to evaluate research protocols involving animals. The inclusion of "approve," "require modifications in (to secure approval)," and "withhold approval" accurately reflects the outcomes articulated in these regulations.

Approval signifies that a protocol meets all necessary ethical and regulatory standards for the use of animals. The option for requiring modifications emphasizes that IACUCs have the authority to request changes to a protocol before granting approval. This mechanism ensures that issues can be addressed without fully disapproving the study, facilitating a collaborative approach to research compliance. Withholding approval serves as a critical check when a protocol does not meet the necessary welfare standards or when ethical concerns arise, allowing for a review and further evaluation before any research can proceed.

In essence, this set of outcomes encapsulates a comprehensive approach to protocol review, emphasizing the need for ethical oversight and animal welfare, aligning with both USDA and PHS regulatory requirements.